Social entrepreneurship: Design and implementation of personalized 3D objects to enhance the autonomy of visually impaired people

Abstract

This study analysed how the use of sensorised 3D models and advanced technologies can promote accessible and inclusive environments for visually impaired people. It also explored the potential of service-learning and the development of soft skills for future early childhood and primary school teachers. The research sample consisted of 14 people with visual impairment and 18 university students majoring in early childhood education and primary education. The materials selected included different 3D model designs and interactive tools such as Scratch® and makey-makey®. The visually impaired participants evaluated the models through touch and the students guided this process. The students were previously trained in digital competences, 3D design, entrepreneurship and the development of soft skills. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires. The results show a high level of satisfaction among visually impaired people in understanding objects through 3D models and an increase in teamwork and empathy among university students. It is concluded that the use of advanced digital technologies significantly improves the quality of life and social inclusion of visually impaired people. Likewise, service-learning enhances technical, social, and entrepreneurial skills of future teachers.

https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2026.18.021